Cervicitis vs Vaginitis

Cervicitis :

• PV bleed

Vaginitis

• Vaginal discharge

Cervical Incompetence

Suspect cervical incompetence if:

(e.g)

Baby delivered earlier, and earlier..

1st - 32 weeks

2nd - 28 weeks

3rd - 24 weeks..

Fluid in Pouch of Douglas

Fluid in Pouch of Douglas = Ectopic Pregnancy

**also remember, B_HCG slight lower.

Sampling & Studies in OnG.

Chromosome studies

• take blood from both parent.

Tissue Karyotype

• Malaysia send sample to Singapore, Australia.
• In KL, only blood sample is sent for karyotyping
• result late, months..

Chorionic Villus Sampling.

• Not in Malaysia.
• Usually send to Singapore

Amniocentesis

• government : no
• private lab: yes

Chordocentesis

• Available in Malaysia
• sample taken after > 26 weeks

100 000 unit B- HCG

"If the B-HCG is 100 000, chances are the lesion could be malignant (choriocarcinoma). Start on chemotherapy, after 12 weeks shoudl resolve/negative. If not, poor prognosis."

- Prof Hamizah, Problem in Early Pregancy

.

Gestational Sac & TVS

" Gestational sac can only be seen by Tranvaginal Ultrasound Scan if the serum B-HCG is > 1500 unit.."

- Prof Hamizah

Syphilis & Organogenesis

" Syphilis does not cross the placenta until 14 weeks.

After 14 weeks POG, because of less syncitiotrophoblast, Treponema are able to cross..."

- Prof Hamizah , lecture Problems in Early Pregnancy